abstract：:In the past decade, there have been more patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) surviving to adulthood; whether due to late repair, or complex underlying CHD, many of these patients will be faced with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with CHD (APAH-CHD). In this review, the authors discuss the mo...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Krishnan U,Rosenzweig EB

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Available targeted therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension are capable only of slowing progression of the disease and a cure remains elusive. However with the improved understanding of the pulmonary vascular remodeling that characterizes the disease, there is optimism that the disconnect between preclinical and ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： O'Connell C,O'Callaghan DS,Humbert M

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early detection and surgical resection are essential for the treatment of lung cancer. It would be ideal to be able to detect and treat preinvasive bronchial lesions, defined as dysplasia and carcinoma in situ before progressing to invasive cancer. Advanced airway-assessment techniques have opened an avenue for early ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Nakajima T,Yasufuku K

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pleural malignancies are ideal for novel therapeutic approaches because they are invariably fatal. Intrapleural (IP) chemotherapy has only marginal benefit in pleural malignancies, but may prove efficacious with hyperthermic chemotherapy administered in combination with maximal tumor debulking. IP immunotherapies may ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Haas AR,Sterman DH

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spectrum of HIV-associated pulmonary diseases is broad. Opportunistic infections, neoplasms, and noninfectious complications are all major considerations. Clinicians caring for persons infected with HIV must have a systematic approach. The approach begins with a thorough history and physical examination and often ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Tokman S,Huang L

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH), are unusually prevalent among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Often these disease states are identified at younger ages than would be expected in the general population. Recent epide...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Fitzpatrick M,Crothers K,Morris A

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article focuses on thoracoscopy for pleural procedures, both diagnostic and therapeutic, and discusses whether there is a difference between pleuroscopy and thoracoscopy or video-assisted thoracic surgery. How thinking should be structured regarding the management of pleural disease in the modern context of avail...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Detterbeck FC

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Military personnel can be exposed to toxicants and conditions that can contribute to lung diseases. This article describes what is known about these exposures and diseases, focusing on the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Adverse lung health outcomes have been reported in US military personnel deployed to Iraq and/or Afghan...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Rose CS

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have led to improved asthma control and reduced asthma mortality in the Western world. ICS are effective in combating T-helper type 2-driven inflammation featuring mast cell and eosinophilic airway infiltration. Their effect on innate immunity-driven neutrophilic inflammation is poor and ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Louis R,Schleich F,Barnes PJ

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A multitude of overlapping defenses has evolved to help combat the inventiveness of pathogens seeking to invade us, and because the lung is the most common primary route of infection, it is in the lung that the most varied responses are seen. This article focuses on recent research, particularly in innate immunity, an...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Waterer GW

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bronchiectasis is a persistent and progressive condition characterized by inflammation and infection causing damage that potentiates impaired mucociliary clearance. The rationale for promoting airway clearance is so that purulent secretions are removed from the airways, ameliorating the inflammation and improving cont...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Flude LJ,Agent P,Bilton D

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditionally, a subset of patients diagnosed as having idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had positive results on cellular biopsies (prominent lymphoplasmacytic inflammation), bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis, a clinical response to steroids, and a better long-term prognosis. On review of the lung histopathology, the ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Kinder BW

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been proposed that invasive carcinoma of the bronchus develops through a transition from preinvasive lesions to overt malignancy. Newer diagnostic technologies have provided a more sensitive way to diagnose preinvasive lesions and a better understanding of the prevalence of such lesions. The natural history of ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Rivera MP

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The last decade has heralded a paradigm shift in the evaluation and treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). No longer are patients with NSCLC considered a homogeneous population treated in the same way; rather, clinical characteristics, histology, and an expanding array of molecular markers are incre...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Gettinger S,Lynch T

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia, it is essential to get initial empiric therapy correct; this is challenging because many patients are infected with multidrug-resistant pathogens. The need for achieving appropriate therapy can lead to broad-spectrum empiric therapy, which can represent antibiotic overus...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Niederman MS,Soulountsi V

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the most important cause of early morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation. PGD affects up to 25% of all lung transplant procedures and currently has no proven preventive therapy. Lung transplant recipients who recover from PGD may have impaired long-term function and a...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Lee JC,Christie JD

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interventional pulmonology encompasses diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopic procedures, and pleural interventions. In the last 10 years older techniques have been refined and exciting new technologies have extended the reach and application of the instruments used. The main areas within pulmonary medicine for whic...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Morgan RK,Ernst A

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is one of the few forms of pulmonary hypertension that is surgically curable. It is likely underdiagnosed and must be considered in every patient presenting with pulmonary hypertension to avoid missing the opportunity to cure these patients. This article discusses the epid...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Auger WR,Kim NH,Trow TK

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially severe, frequently disabling autoimmune disease with multiorgan involvement and a typically waxing and waning course. SLE is often considered the prototypical autoimmune disease. Although SLE has the potential to affect any organ, the lungs are commonly involved late...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Kamen DL,Strange C

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objectives of this article are to (1) understand how respiratory event definitions and syndrome threshold values affect prevalence estimates of obstructive sleep apnea in adults, (2) recognize important risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults, and (3) understand current theories of the underlying mechan...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Yaggi HK,Strohl KP

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because there is insufficient cellular energy for organisms to perform their functions at the same constant rate and at the same time, all biologic processes show rhythmicity, each with its own unique frequency, amplitude, and phase. Optimal sleep and wakefulness requires proper timing and alignment of desired sleep-w...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Kanathur N,Harrington J,Lee-Chiong T Jr

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the world, and it accounts for more deaths than breast, colon, and prostate cancer combined in the United States. From a historical perspective, the premise behind early lung cancer detection strategy is that early detection of lung cancer is justified if early...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Colt HG,Murgu SD

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stents are used for palliation of symptoms of central airway obstruction caused by either malignant or benign conditions. Stents may be applied for maintaining airway patency after dilatation of postinflammatory and infectious strictures, for airway dehiscence after lung transplantation, and for the management of trac...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Lee P,Kupeli E,Mehta AC

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Available data show that Africa, together with the Americas and western and central Europe, reported the lowest prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, sub-Saharan Africa has a high TB incidence and the highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in the world, and because of the hig...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Schaaf HS,Moll AP,Dheda K

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is well controlled in most developed countries and the focus in these areas has shifted to TB eradication. Transmission within nonendemic areas is limited and most cases of TB result from reactivation of distant (latent) infection. With adequate resources, wide-scale use of preventive th...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Marais BJ,Ayles H,Graham SM,Godfrey-Faussett P

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medications can significantly increase weight loss compared with placebo in most trials. In general, patients can expect a weight loss of 8% to 10% from baseline provided they adhere to the weight-loss program and take medications regularly. All medications have side effects that need to be considered before initiatin...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Bray GA

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The basic science and clinical understanding of infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis has been a field of constant evolution and continued revision of hypotheses. This article highlights some areas in which recent progress has the potential for significant impact on the clinical care of patients. Specifically, this ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： McKinnell JA,Pappas PG

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although a biopsy may need to be performed in complicated patients, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is an important adjunct to the diagnosis of pulmonary and disseminated fungal infections. Culture is the gold standard for diagnosis in many instances, but cytologic and morphologic analysis is often diagnostic. Although n...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Knox KS,Meinke L

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article focuses primarily on the recent literature on abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and the definitions and recommendations published by the World Society for the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. The definitions regarding increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) are listed and are followed by an overview of...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Malbrain ML,De laet IE

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular dysfunction is a commonplace sequelum of sepsis and other systemic inflammatory conditions. Impaired energy production (related to mitochondrial inhibition, damage, and reduced protein turnover) appears to be a core mechanism underlying the development of organ dysfunction. The reduction in energy availabilit...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Singer M

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease with a favorable prognosis, high remission rate, and low mortality. Cardiac involvement alters this prognosis. Clinical manifestations most commonly include arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and congestive heart failure. Treatment includes immunosuppressant therapy, permanent pac...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Ayyala US,Nair AP,Padilla ML

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the increasing threat of pandemic influenza and catastrophic bioterrorism, it is important for intensive care providers to be prepared to meet the challenge of large-scale airborne epidemics causing mass casualty respiratory failure. The severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak exposed the vulnerability of heal...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Phua GC,Govert J

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CT is a useful tool for identification of small airways diseases, and it can be used to classify these entities into inflammatory and constrictive bronchiolitis. Inflammatory forms of bronchiolitis include cellular bronchiolitis (usually caused by infection or aspiration), respiratory bronchiolitis, panbronchiolitis, ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Lynch DA

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary hypertension is a frequently encountered problem in older patients. True idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension can also be seen and requires careful exclusion in older patients. Institution of therapies must be tempered with an appreciation of individual comorbidities and functional limitations that may...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： McArdle JR,Trow TK,Lerz K

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a major and growing health problem, with a mortality rate that continues to increase. Several factors, have been identified as individual predictors of mortality in COPD. This article reviews individual predictors for mortality. It also discusses the ability of a...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Cote CG,Celli BR

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bullectomy for giant bullae, lung volume reduction surgery, and lung transplantation are three surgical therapies that may benefit highly selected patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this article, each procedure is reviewed, with an emphasis on guidelines for patient selection and clinical...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Lederer DJ,Arcasoy SM

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains an important cause of pulmonary disease in patients who have cystic fibrosis. The development of antimicrobial therapy directed against this organism has resulted in the preservation of lung function and improved longevity. Efficacy has been demonstrated with agents administered via pare...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Lahiri T

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The modern history of cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of continuous improvement. Guidelines and evidence-based medicine provide a general roadmap for directing improvement efforts. Data and measurement are central to quality improvement (QI), a way of keeping score and staying on track. This article describes the history ...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Quinton HB,O'Connor GT

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After half a century of clinical experience and research, management of pulmonary arterial hypertension remains a challenge. Currently, data to support the use of standard therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension (oxygen supplementation, diuretics, digoxin, anticoagulation, and calcium channel blockers) are mostl...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Alam S,Palevsky HI

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The description of organized thrombus in major pulmonary arteries can be found in autopsy reports dating back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Not until the 1950s was the antemortem diagnosis and clinical syndrome of chronic thrombotic obstruction of the major pulmonary arteries better characteriz...

journal_title：Clinics in chest medicine

authors： Auger WR,Kim NH,Kerr KM,Test VJ,Fedullo PF

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00